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Cambodia ( Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa) and once known as the Khmer
Empire, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina
Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Its total landmass is 181,035 square
kilometres (1 sq mm), bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the
northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the
southwest.
With a population of over 15 million, Cambodia is the 70th most populous
country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism,
practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. The country's
minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill
tribes.[8] The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political,
economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is a
constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the
Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun
Sen, who is currently the longest serving non-royal leader in South East
Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
Cambodia's ancient name is "Kambuja" (Sanskrit: कंबुज).[9] In 802 AD,
Jayavarman II declared himself "King" and marked the beginning of the
Khmer Empire which flourished for over 600 years, allowing successive
kings to dominate much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power
and wealth. The Indianized kingdom built monumental temples including
Angkor Wat, now a World Heritage Site, and facilitated the spread of
first Hinduism, then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia. After the fall
of Angkor to Ayutthaya in the 15th century, Cambodia was then ruled as a
vassal between its neighbours.
Cambodia became a protectorate of France in 1863, and gained
independence in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into Cambodia with the US
bombing of Cambodia from 1969 until 1973. Following the Cambodian coup
of 1970, the deposed king gave his support to his former enemies, the
Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge emerged as a major power, taking Phnom Penh
in 1975 and later carrying out the Cambodian Genocide from 1975 until
1979, when they were ousted by Vietnam and the Vietnamese backed
People's Republic of Kampuchea in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War
(1979–91). Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords Cambodia was governed
briefly by a United Nations mission (1992–93). The UN withdrew after
holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters
cast ballots. The 1997 coup placed power solely in the hands of Prime
Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party, who remains in power
as of 2015.
The country faces numerous challenges and sociopolitical issues,
including widespread poverty, pervasive corruption,[11] lack of
political freedoms, low human development,[13] and a high rate of
hunger. Cambodia has been described by Human Rights Watch's Southeast
Asian Director, David Roberts, as a "vaguely communist free-market state
with a relatively authoritarian coalition ruling over a superficial
democracy.
While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring
countries, Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia
with growth averaging 6 percent over the last decade. Agriculture
remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles,
construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign
investment and international trade.
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